Saksagan
Edward III’s Main Argument
Edward III first based his claim on the idea that he was the closest male relative to the last French king who could inherit...
The French Royal Family
To understand this claim, we must look at the royal family of France. King Philip IV of France, also known as Philip the Fair,...
Background of the Conflict
During the reign of King Edward II of England, there was another attempt by France to weaken English control over Aquitaine. This situation was...
Chivalry and the Rise of Military Aristocracy
Over time, chivalry changed from an institution meant to protect the weak into a system that often oppressed ordinary people. Initially designed to defend...
The Dark Side of Chivalry
While chivalry is often remembered for its bright displays of armor, tournaments, and noble deeds, its darker aspects cannot be ignored. The reality of...
Chivalry and Religion
In many histories of chivalry, the role of knights as defenders of the Christian religion is praised as one of the institution’s greatest achievements....
Influence of Western Painting on Post-Byzantine Icons
In post-Byzantine icon painting, artists sometimes used techniques and styles from Western European painting. Specific examples include linear perspective or pseudo-perspective, which create the...
Icon Painting Instructions in Hermenia
The Hermenia, written by Dionysios of Mount Athos, provides detailed instructions for painting religious scenes. For example, it includes guidance on how to paint...
Thalia Gouma-Peterson’s Perspective on Byzantinising
Another important view on this subject is offered by Thalia Gouma-Peterson. She explains the term “byzantinising” mainly from an art historical point of view....
Defensive Works at the Bucoleon Palace
Some historians, including Labarte and Schlumberger, argue that Emperor Nicephorus Phocas surrounded the Palace of Bucoleon with special defensive works, effectively making it a...
